最高法院将裁定特朗普是否可在南部边境拒绝大部分庇护申请
作者：约翰·弗里策
发布时间：2026年11月13日 美国东部时间下午2:06
唐纳德·特朗普 最高法院 移民 移民政治
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美国最高法院，2026年6月25日
伊丽莎白·弗兰茨/路透社
美国最高法院于上周五同意裁定，唐纳德·特朗普总统是否可以全面禁止从南部边境入境的移民申请庇护，这为一项新的有争议政策开启了辩论——白宫认为该政策对其反移民议程至关重要。
该上诉几乎肯定会在明年年初进行听证，并在7月前作出裁决。
这是最高法院任期内新增的又一起涉及特朗普强硬移民政策的案件，此前的案件还包括关于政府将移民遣返至与他们毫无关联的国家、以及推动对特定移民实施强制拘留的举措。
特朗普在重返白宫的首日签署了该公告，暂停“参与南部边境入侵”的移民入境。该文件明确限制移民援引联邦法律中的庇护保护，“直至我宣布南部边境入侵已停止”。
总统辩称，非法越境者申请庇护是为了拖延遣返，因为庇护申请的审理可能耗时数年，而申请人在此期间可被释放进入美国境内。
但由国会制定的《移民与国籍法》明确允许移民申请庇护，尽管该法将是否给予安全港的决定权交给了政府官员。去年，13名个人和3个移民权利组织对特朗普的这一政策提出了质疑。
一家联邦上诉法院在4月维持了地区法院的裁决，该裁决认定政府的举措违反了《移民与国籍法》。但法院暂缓执行裁决，允许特朗普政府在上诉期间继续实施该政策。
“禁止实际身处美国境内的外国个人申请庇护，以及在其符合法定资格条件时拒绝考虑授予庇护，这与该法规无法相容，”美国巡回法官米歇尔·蔡尔兹写道。蔡尔兹法官是由前总统乔·拜登任命至该法院的。
政府的首席上诉律师、总检察长D·约翰·绍尔将这些庇护措施描述为一项“基石”政策，是其“解决边境危机”方面“最有效”的变革。
该上诉还援引了国防部长皮特·赫格塞思的话，他表示“涌入外国移民的‘关键诱因’之一是‘庇护’”。
唐纳德·特朗普 最高法院 移民 移民政治
By John Fritze
PUBLISHED Nov 13, 2026, 2:06 PM ET
Donald Trump Supreme Court Immigration Immigration politics
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The U.S. Supreme Court on June 25, 2026
Elizabeth Frantz/Reuters
The Supreme Court agreed Friday to decide if President Donald Trump may categorically ban migrants arriving at the southern border from applying for asylum, setting up arguments on another divisive policy the White House sees as critical to its anti-immigration agenda.
The appeal will almost certainly be heard early next year and decided before July.
It adds another case to a Supreme Court term that is already heavy on Trump’s hardline immigration policies, including one on the administration’s removal of migrants to countries they have no connection with and the push to direct certain migrants to mandatory detention.
Trump signed the proclamation on his first day back in office, suspending entry for migrants “engaged in the invasion across the southern border.” The document specifically restricted migrants from invoking asylum protections included in federal law “until I issue a finding that the invasion at the southern border has ceased.”
The president has argued that people crossing the border illegally claim asylum as a way to stall their deportation because it can take years to adjudicate an asylum claim, and an applicant can be released into the US while that process plays out.
But the Immigration and Nationality Act, a law enacted by Congress, specifically allows migrants to claim asylum, even as it leaves the decision about whether to grant safe harbor up to administration officials. Thirteen individuals and three immigrant rights groups challenged the Trump policy last year.
A federal appeals court in April upheld a district court decision that found the administration’s effort violated the INA. But the court stayed its decision, allowing the Trump administration to continue the policy while it appealed.
“Barring foreign individuals who are physically present in the United States from applying for asylum and, if they make the statutory showing that they are eligible, from being considered to receive it cannot be squared with the statute,” wrote US Circuit Judge Michelle Childs, who was named to the court by former President Joe Biden.
Solicitor General D. John Sauer, the administration’s top appellate lawyer, described the asylum measures as a “cornerstone” policy that has been its “most effective” change in “resolving a border crisis.”
The appeal also quoted Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth as saying that “one of the ‘key magnets’ for that flood of aliens was ‘asylum.’”
Donald Trump Supreme Court Immigration Immigration politics
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