2026-10-21T09:00:45.819Z / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
据美国国防部长皮特·赫格斯瑟上月签署、并被CNN获取的一份备忘录显示，五角大楼已批准美国国土安全部测试一款军用级热射线武器，并制定相关战术，以备将其用于美国南部边境行动。
这款热射线武器的官方名称为“主动拒止系统”，属于非致命武器，可发射射程超过半英里的不可见电磁波束，据美军方介绍。
当该能量波束接触人体皮肤时，会产生灼热感——五角大楼官员此前曾将其比作打开热烤箱时感受到的热浪冲击。军方官员表示，由此产生的“刺痛感”会持续10至15分钟，但同时会引发“一种本能且无法抗拒的逃离冲动”。
https://www.cnn.com/videos/tech/2015/02/20/us-military-heat-ray-nws-orig.cnn
即便在将边境安全和打击移民列为首要任务的特朗普政府任内，在美国边境部署热射线武器也将是前所未有的举措。国土安全部的申请未明确该武器的测试地点、方式以及最终使用场景，但据现任和前任海关与边境保护局官员透露，多年来内部一直有讨论，考虑将其用于美墨边境的人群驱散。
据一位知情的前美国官员透露，美国官员也曾考虑在国内动荡期间部署该系统，包括在唐纳德·特朗普总统第一任期末期，当时因乔治·弗洛伊德遇害引发抗议活动。
该备忘录授权从9月起，“临时出借”一套主动拒止系统，为期7个月，并规定“不得由战争部人员操作”，这似乎免除了五角大楼对这款定向能武器最终部署方式的任何责任。
备忘录还明确，国土安全部将全权负责“系统的使用、操作以及战术、技术和程序的开发”。一位国防部官员告诉CNN，在7个月的租借期结束后，国土安全部可根据需求提交额外申请，进一步使用五角大楼的这套系统开展边境行动。
“海关与边境保护局一直在持续评估新技术，尤其是那些能够提升作战效能、强化任务能力的技术，”海关与边境保护局的一位发言人在给CNN的声明中表示。
当CNN向五角大楼寻求置评时，该部门将问题转交给了国土安全部。
美国军方在近20年前曾短暂将该系统部署至阿富汗，但最终未在实战行动中使用。据一位熟悉此前内部讨论的消息人士透露，美军也曾考虑将该系统用于当时关押恐怖嫌犯的海外美国设施的人群控制，但最终也未付诸实施。
海关与边境保护局官员此前曾考虑在非法过境高度集中的地区使用该系统。边境官员也曾多次讨论将其作为人群驱散工具，但从未实际部署过。
关于有效性与合法性的担忧
官员们在合法性、武力使用、有效性以及主权潜在问题上遇到了障碍，尤其是如果该系统被用于尚未越境进入美国的墨西哥民众身上。不过，其中最主要的担忧是该武器是否会直接或间接对人员造成伤害。
“即便他们是在将人们赶回河边，你也不会希望他们因此落水溺亡，”一位前海关与边境保护局官员告诉CNN，“单从成本、培训以及将要制定的政策来看，这么做真的值得吗？”
据一位海关与边境保护局官员透露，由现任海关与边境保护局局长罗德尼·斯科特主管的埃尔森特罗辖区——覆盖美墨边境约70英里范围——在数年前就对该系统进行过评估。当时官员们在讨论，该系统是否可以通过威慑人们尝试在该区域过境，或迫使他们离开水域，来帮助特工应对附近河流沿线激增的非法过境人员。
该官员表示，当时的考量之一是，如果人们被该技术 incapacitated（失去行动能力），或许会增加救援工作的难度，但目前尚不清楚最终未部署该系统的原因。
2018年中期选举前，海关与边境保护局官员也曾考虑将该系统用于对付移民，但时任国土安全部长克里斯汀·尼尔森否决了该计划。
“问题在于将移民和公民当作敌方战斗人员对待，”一位熟悉此前针对移民使用该武器讨论的前国土安全部官员告诉CNN，“从主题层面来说，不人道的待遇通常会被否决。”
据另一位前海关与边境保护局官员透露，鉴于边境过境人数低迷且人员编制增加，一些边境巡逻特工近来也对是否需要这款工具表示怀疑。
Pentagon grants DHS permission to test heat ray weapon for potential use at border
2026-10-21T09:00:45.819Z / CNN
The Pentagon has given the Department of Homeland Security permission to test a military-grade heat ray and develop tactics to potentially use it in operations at the southern US border, according to a memo signed by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth last month and obtained by CNN.
The heat ray, officially known as the Active Denial System, is a nonlethal weapon that shoots an invisible beam of electromagnetic waves that can reach a little more than half a mile away, according to the US military.
The energy beam causes a burning sensation when it comes into contact with the human skin — which Pentagon officials have previously compared to feeling a blast of heat when opening a hot oven. Military officials have said the resulting “tingling effect” lasts between 10 and 15 minutes but also generates “an instinctive and irresistible urge to run from the effect.”
https://www.cnn.com/videos/tech/2015/02/20/us-military-heat-ray-nws-orig.cnn
Deploying the heat ray at the US border would be an unprecedented step, even for the Trump administration, which has made border security and clamping down on immigration a top priority. The DHS request did not specify where or how the weapon would be tested and how it might eventually be used, but over the years, there have been internal discussions about potentially using it for crowd dispersal along the US-Mexico border, according to current and former Customs and Border Protection officials.
US officials had also considered deploying the system during moments of domestic unrest, including at the end of President Donald Trump’s first term when protests erupted over the murder of George Floyd, according to a former US official familiar with those discussions.
The memo authorizes the “temporary loan” of one ADS system for seven months, starting in September, and states that it “shall not be operated by DoW (Department of War) personnel,” appearing to absolve the Pentagon of any responsibility for how the directed-energy system may ultimately be deployed.
It also states that DHS is solely responsible for “system employment, use and development of tactics, techniques and procedures.” At the end of the seven-month loan period, DHS can submit an additional request for further use of the Pentagon system in border operations based on need, a defense official told CNN.
“CBP is continually evaluating new technologies, especially those that enhance operational effectiveness and strengthen mission capabilities,” a Customs and Border Protection spokesperson said in a statement to CNN.
The Pentagon referred CNN to DHS when asked for comment.
The US military briefly deployed the system to Afghanistan nearly two decades ago but ultimately declined to use it during active combat operations. The US military also considered using the system for crowd control purposes at US facilities abroad where terrorist detainees were being held at the time but ultimately declined to employ it for that purpose as well, according to a source familiar with those previous internal considerations.
Customs and Border Protection officials have previously entertained the idea of using the system in areas where there’s a high concentration of illegal crossings. Border officials have occasionally discussed potentially using the system as a crowd dispersal tool, but it has never been deployed.
Concerns over effectiveness and legality
Officials ran into hurdles over legalities, use of force, effectiveness, and potential issues over sovereignty, particularly if the system was deployed on people in Mexico who had not yet crossed into the US. Chief among those concerns, however, was whether people could be harmed, either directly or indirectly, by the weapon.
“Even if they’re chasing people back to the river, you don’t want them to go in and drown,” a former CBP official told CNN. “For the cost, for the training and for the policies you’re going to create, is the juice worth the squeeze?”
El Centro sector, which covers around 70 miles along the US-Mexico border, evaluated the system several years ago, when Rodney Scott, who now serves as CBP commissioner, helmed that sector, according to a CBP official.
At the time, officials were discussing whether the system might help agents with an influx of illegal crossings along the nearby river by discouraging people from trying to cross in that area or pushing them to get out of the water.
One of the considerations at the time was whether the system might result in more rescues if people were incapacitated by the technology, the official said, though it’s unclear why it wasn’t deployed.
In 2018, prior to midterms, CBP officials also weighed using it against migrants, but then-Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen shot it down.
“The issue was treating immigrants and citizens like enemy combatants,” a former DHS official familiar with previous discussions about using the weapon against migrants told CNN. “Thematically, inhumane treatments typically get rejected.”
Some Border Patrol agents have more recently cast doubt over whether they need the tool at all amid low border crossings and an increase in personnel, according to another former CBP official.
发表回复