2026年10月6日 / 美国东部时间下午2:47 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（CBS News）
撰稿：克里·布林 新闻编辑
在美国和全球卫生官员呼吁俄罗斯提供更多信息之际，俄罗斯媒体报道称，西伯利亚一家传染病研究机构的一名科学家在实验室事故中可能感染鼠疫后死亡。
尽管世界卫生组织表示，根据现有信息，“普通民众面临的公共卫生风险似乎较低”，但相关报道仍引发了担忧。
哥伦比亚广播公司新闻医学撰稿人、KFF健康新闻公共卫生特约编辑塞琳·冈德里博士周二在《哥伦比亚广播公司早间节目》中呼应了这一观点。
“美国民众无需感到担忧，”她说道。
不过，目前官方死因尚未公开，俄罗斯方面缺乏透明度，导致一些专家质疑该实验室工作人员是否确实感染了鼠疫。
“此次应对措施不符合鼠疫的应对常规，与鼠疫情况并不相符，”约翰·霍普金斯大学健康安全中心高级研究员阿梅什·阿达利亚博士在接受哥伦比亚广播公司新闻采访时表示。“在21世纪，鼠疫是可以用抗生素治疗的疾病。”
以下是你需要了解的相关信息。
对俄罗斯相关事态的担忧
俄罗斯媒体报道称，一名名为达丽娅·希皮洛娃的28岁女性研究员在伊尔库茨克抗鼠疫研究所的实验室事故中接触鼠疫杆菌后死亡。初步报道称，希皮洛娃在9月底打碎了一支装有鼠疫杆菌耶尔森菌的试管，随后出现重症肺炎并最终因该病去世。
世界卫生组织表示，希皮洛娃于10月2日凌晨因重症肺炎死亡。
俄罗斯官员随后对这些报道提出了质疑。俄罗斯消费者权益保护和公益监督局（Rospotrebnadzor）称，并未发生实验室事故，希皮洛娃死于“不明原因肺炎”。
世界卫生组织称，俄罗斯于10月6日告知其未检测出鼠疫。这家全球卫生机构表示，已要求俄罗斯当局提供导致希皮洛娃患病的病原体相关信息。
美国国务卿马可·卢比奥周二呼吁俄罗斯提高透明度，并表示该国应“向世界分享更多信息”。世界卫生组织称，其正在密切跟踪事态发展，并向俄罗斯当局索要更多信息。
什么是鼠疫？
鼠疫由耶尔森菌属的鼠疫杆菌引起。主要有三种类型：腺鼠疫、败血性鼠疫和肺鼠疫。
腺鼠疫是最常见的鼠疫类型。感染者会出现疼痛剧烈的淋巴结肿胀（即淋巴结肿），同时伴有发热、寒战、剧烈头痛、全身酸痛和乏力。
败血性鼠疫发生在鼠疫杆菌进入 bloodstream（血流）时。患者会出现发热、寒战、极度虚弱、腹痛、休克以及可能的内出血。部分皮肤会变黑坏死。
肺鼠疫通常在其他类型鼠疫未得到治疗、鼠疫杆菌感染肺部时发生。患者会患上肺炎，可能出现发热、头痛、乏力、气短、胸痛、咳嗽以及带血或水样的黏液。肺炎可能导致呼吸衰竭。这被认为是最严重的鼠疫类型，若不治疗，死亡率为100%。
俄罗斯媒体报道称，希皮洛娃可能死于肺鼠疫。
鼠疫如何传播？
鼠疫最常见的传播途径是被受感染啮齿动物携带的跳蚤叮咬。猫、狗等动物也可能因食用携带这些跳蚤的小型动物而感染。
肺鼠疫可在人与人之间传播。肺鼠疫患者咳嗽时喷出的飞沫可导致其他人感染。
俄罗斯消费者权益保护和公益监督局称，近200名在希皮洛娃生前与其有接触的人员已接受检测，结果均未感染鼠疫。
鼠疫如何治疗？
卫生机构和医生表示，鼠疫可以通过抗生素成功治愈，患者需要尽快接受治疗。
冈德里指出，经常接触鼠疫的研究人员也可以接种鼠疫疫苗。
中世纪时期的鼠疫疫情导致数百万人死亡，原因在于当时跳蚤和老鼠广泛滋生，且人们对如何阻止疾病传播缺乏了解。
根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据，美国每年报告约7例鼠疫病例。该机构称，美国超过80%的病例为腺鼠疫。
美国大多数鼠疫病例发生在西部和西南部地区。根据疾控中心的数据，这些病例通常可以成功治愈。美国上一例鼠疫死亡病例记录于2021年。
What to know about plague amid reports of Russian lab worker’s death
October 6, 2026 / 2:47 PM EDT / CBS News
By Kerry Breen News Editor
U.S. and world health officials are calling on Russia to share more information after Russian media reports said a scientist at an infectious disease research facility in Siberia died after possibly contracting plague during a lab accident.
The reports have caused concern, even as the World Health Organization says “the public health risk to the general population appears to be low,” based on the current information.
Dr. Céline Gounder, a CBS News medical contributor and editor-at-large for public health at KFF Health News, echoed that belief on “CBS Mornings” on Tuesday.
“The American public does not need to be worried,” she said.
Still, an official cause of death has not been made public and a lack of transparency from Russia has led some experts to question if the lab worker had the plague.
“The response doesn’t fit plague. It’s not congruent with plague,” Dr. Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, told CBS News. “Plague is something, in the 21st century, that’s treatable with antibiotics.”
Here’s what to know.
Concern about situation in Russia
Russian media has reported that a female researcher, identified as Darya Shipilova, 28, died after being exposed to the plague in a lab accident at the Irkutsk Anti-Plague Institute. Initial reports said that Shipilova broke a test tube containing the plague bacteria Yersinia pestis in late September, came down with severe pneumonia and died of her illness.
The World Health Organization said Shipilova died of severe pneumonia overnight into Oct. 2.
Russian officials have since cast doubt on those reports. Russia’s health watchdog, Rospotrebnadzor, said there was no accident and that Shipilova had died of “pneumonia of unknown origin.”
A maintenance worker walks out of the headquarters of Russia’s consumer and health watchdog, Rospotrebnadzor, in Moscow on Oct. 5, 2026. Igor Ivanko/AFP via Getty Images
The WHO said it was told by Russia on Oct. 6 that no plague was detected. The global health agency said it asked Russian authorities to provide information about which pathogen caused Shipilova’s illness.
Secretary of State Marco Rubio on Tuesday called on Russia to be more transparent, and said the nation should “share more information with the world.” The WHO said it is following the situation closely and requesting further information from Russian authorities.
What is plague?
Plague is caused by the Yersinia pestis bacteria. There are three main types of plague: bubonic, septicemic and pneumonic.
Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague. Infected people may have painfully swollen lymph nodes known as buboes, along with fever and chills, a severe headache, body aches and exhaustion.
Septicemic plague happens when the Yersinia pestis bacteria enters the bloodstream. Patients may develop fever, chills, extreme weakness, abdominal pain, shock and possible internal bleeding. Some skin may turn black and die.
A microscopic image shows the Yersinia pestis bacteria, which causes plague infections in humans. Ruslanas Baranuskas/Science Pho/Getty Images
Pneumonic plague typically occurs when the other forms of plague are not treated and the Yersinia pestis bacteria infects the lungs. Patients develop pneumonia and may show fever, headache, weakness, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough and bloody or watery mucus. The pneumonia could cause respiratory failure. This is considered the most serious version of plague, and is always fatal if left untreated.
Russian media reports indicated that Shipilova may have died of pneumonic plague.
How does plague spread?
Plague is most commonly spread through the bite of fleas carried by infected rodents. Animals, including cats and dogs, can also become infected from eating smaller animals that were carrying those fleas.
Pneumonic plague can be spread between people. In cases of pneumonic plague, droplets emitted when a sick person coughs can lead to others becoming infected.
Russia’s health watchdog said that nearly 200 people who had come into contact with Shipilova before her death were tested, and none had plague.
This undated photo released in 2019 by the Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East shows the institute workers in a lab. The Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East via AP
How is plague treated?
Plague can be successfully treated with antibiotics, health organizations and doctors say. Patients need to be treated as soon as possible.
Researchers who regularly work with plague can also be vaccinated for it, Gounder noted.
Plague outbreaks in the Middle Ages killed millions, due to widespread, common flea and rat infestations and less understanding of how to prevent disease from spreading.
About seven plague cases are reported each year in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. More than 80% of the cases in the U.S. are bubonic plague, the agency said.
Most U.S. cases occur in the West and Southwest. Cases are usually treated successfully, according to CDC data. The last fatal case of plague in the U.S. was recorded in 2021.
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