2026-09-25 15:34:26 UTC / 路透社
作者：约翰·克鲁泽尔
2026年9月25日 世界协调时下午3:34 更新于4分钟前
- 摘要
- 法官叫停特朗普改造后的移民数据库
- 司法部称法官的裁决“站不住脚”
- 特朗普寻求强化联邦在选举中的角色
- 11月选举将决定国会控制权归属
华盛顿9月25日路透电 — 美国最高法院周五恢复了一项扩大版移民数据库计划，特朗普政府称该计划旨在打击非公民投票行为，但批评者认为这可能剥夺符合资格选民的投票权。
大法官们批准了司法部的请求，叫停了一名法官的裁决——该裁决曾阻止州政府官员使用社保号码及其他信息，将登记选民的公民身份与联邦记录进行全面核查。
《虚假信息监测》时事通讯汇总国际虚假信息叙事，每期都包含“真实还是虚假？”测试题。在此注册。
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特朗普政府的这项数据共享安排，是11月中期选举前联邦政府强化选举参与的一系列举措之一。特朗普所在的共和党希望借此保住国会控制权。美国宪法将选举运行和管理的主要权力赋予各州。
国土安全部去年重新设计了一个名为“系统性外国人权益核查系统”（简称SAVE）的联邦数据库，用于核查个人公民身份和移民身份。改造后的系统允许用户一次性搜索多条记录，还可通过个人社保号码进行查询。
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自那以来，多个共和党领导的州已将其选民名单与该数据库进行比对，一些被标记为潜在非公民的选民已被取消登记资格。
批评者表示，共和党此类与选举相关的举措，与其说是出于选举安全担忧，不如说是试图通过缩小选民范围获取政治优势，这可能剥夺符合资格的选民——通常是倾向民主党的选民——的投票权。
特朗普一直推行强硬的移民政策，并多次谎称存在大规模选举舞弊，包括在2020年选举中输给民主党前总统乔·拜登一事。
提起诉讼叫停改造后SAVE系统的倡导团体表示，新方法导致一些被错误认定为非公民的人被从选民名册中除名。他们指出，SAVE系统的数据可能过时，也就是说，已入籍美国公民、具备投票资格的移民有时会被标记为非公民。
改造后系统的整体错误率尚未公开。国土安全部和司法部在被问及此事时未提供相关信息。
在提交给最高法院的文件中，倡导团体引用了得克萨斯州特拉维斯县一名选举官员的话，称该系统在该县标记的非公民匹配结果中，有25%涉及已证明其美国公民身份的人员；还有新闻报道显示，密苏里州圣路易斯县该系统至少81%的匹配结果存在错误。
投票权利组织“League of Women Voters”（妇女选民联盟）和隐私权利组织“电子隐私信息中心”于2025年9月提起诉讼，叫停特朗普政府改造后的系统，称该改造违反了联邦隐私法及其他美国法律。
华盛顿特区联邦地区法官斯帕克·苏克南南在6月的一项裁决中叫停了改造后的数据库，称该系统“仓促搭建”，且公民身份数据不可靠。
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“总而言之，联邦政府故意践踏美国公民的隐私权，这种行为威胁到了神圣的投票权，”苏克南南写道，“本法庭不能坐视这种情况发生。”
美国哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院在9月4日以2比1的裁决拒绝暂停苏克南南的裁决，促使政府向最高法院提出申请。
司法部律师在提交给最高法院的文件中称该法官的裁决“站不住脚”，辩称其“威胁到中期选举的公正性”。
介入此案支持政府的得克萨斯州驳斥了该系统不可靠的说法。
由于佛罗里达州的单独诉讼，特朗普政府得以在共和党领导的佛罗里达州、艾奥瓦州、印第安纳州和俄亥俄州继续使用改造后的SAVE系统。
约翰·克鲁泽尔报道；威尔·邓汉姆编辑
本社报道准则：路透社信任原则。
Supreme Court restores Trump’s mass voter verification system
2026-09-25 15:34:26 UTC / Reuters
By John Kruzel
September 25, 2026 3:34 PM UTC Updated 4 mins ago
A general view of the U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C., U.S., June 18, 2026. REUTERS/Elizabeth Frantz/File Photo Purchase Licensing Rights
- Summary
- Judge blocked Trump’s revamped immigration database
- Justice Department called judge’s order ‘indefensible’
- Trump has sought to boost federal role in elections
- Control of Congress at stake in November’s elections
WASHINGTON, Sept 25 (Reuters) – The U.S. Supreme Court revived on Friday an expanded immigration database that President Donald Trump’s administration said aims to combat voting by noncitizens but critics contend could disenfranchise eligible voters.
The justices granted the Justice Department’s request to block a judge’s order that had stopped state officials from using Social Security numbers and other information to conduct sweeping checks of the citizenship status of registered voters against federal records.
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The administration’s data-sharing arrangement is one in a series of actions boosting the federal government’s involvement in voting ahead of November’s midterm elections in which Trump’s fellow Republicans seek to maintain control of Congress. The U.S. Constitution gives individual states the primary authority to run and administer elections.
The Department of Homeland Security last year redesigned a federal database known as the Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements, or SAVE, used to verify a person’s citizenship and immigration status. The revamp allowed users to search many records at a time and to conduct searches using individuals’ Social Security numbers.
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Since then, several Republican-led states have compared their voter lists to the database, and some voters flagged as potential noncitizens have had their registrations canceled.
Critics say such election-related actions by Republicans are driven less by concerns over election security than by an attempt to gain political advantage by narrowing the electorate, risking the disenfranchisement of eligible, often Democratic-leaning voters.
Trump has carried out hardline policies toward immigration and has made false claims of widespread voting fraud including in his 2020 election loss to Democratic former President Joe Biden.
Advocacy groups that sued to block the revised SAVE system said that the new approach has resulted in people who were wrongfully identified as noncitizens being kicked off voter rolls. They have argued that SAVE can be outdated, meaning immigrants who have become naturalized U.S. citizens and are thus eligible to vote are sometimes labeled as noncitizens.
blob:https://www.reuters.com/cb9f960b-b371-4b39-877b-4d6d657a1f99
The modified system’s overall error rate is not publicly known. The Department of Homeland Security and Justice Department did not provide that information when asked.
In their Supreme Court filing, the advocacy groups cited a Travis County, Texas, election official who said 25% of the system’s noncitizen matches there involved people who had already proven their U.S. citizenship, and news reports finding that at least 81% of the system’s responses in St. Louis County, Missouri, were erroneous.
The voting rights group League of Women Voters and privacy rights group Electronic Privacy Information Center sued in September 2025 to block the Trump administration’s modified system. They said that the revamp violated federal privacy and other U.S. laws.
In a June ruling blocking the revamped database, U.S. District Judge Sparkle Sooknanan in Washington, D.C., said the system was haphazardly assembled and contained unreliable citizenship data.
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“All in all, the federal government has knowingly trampled on the privacy rights of American citizens in a manner that threatens the sacred right to vote,” Sooknanan wrote. “This court cannot stand idly by while that happens.”
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in a 2-1 ruling on September 4 declined to halt Sooknanan’s ruling, prompting the administration’s request to the Supreme Court.
In a Supreme Court filing, Justice Department lawyers called the judge’s order “indefensible,” arguing that it “threatens the integrity” of the midterm elections.
Texas, which intervened in the case in support of the administration, has disputed claims that the system is unreliable.
Due to separate litigation in Florida, the Trump administration has been able to continue using its modified SAVE system in the Republican-led states of Florida, Iowa, Indiana and Ohio.
Reporting by John Kruzel; Editing by Will Dunham
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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