2026-09-21T13:02:29.77Z / 路透社
海牙9月21日路透电 – 美国总统唐纳德·特朗普政府正准备对国际刑事法院实施制裁，作为其瓦解这个旨在起诉被指控犯下全球最恶劣罪行之人的机构的行动的一部分。
华盛顿为何计划采取此举？
特朗普政府对该法院发起对抗，起因是该法院针对包括总理本杰明·内塔尼亚胡在内的以色列官员发出逮捕令，以及此前对美军在阿富汗所涉角色展开的调查。
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美国国务卿马可·卢比奥表示，2002年成立、现有125个成员国的国际刑事法院，对美国主权及其盟友构成威胁。华盛顿已呼吁各成员国撤回对该法院的支持。
在最初将目标对准个别法官和检察官后，卢比奥于7月宣布了孤立该法院的行动，并写道，美国政府将动用其掌握的一切手段，“必要时，一步一步地摧毁国际刑事法院”。
美国制裁将影响哪些活动？
消息人士告诉路透社，制裁很快将针对整个国际刑事法院组织实施，该组织拥有来自100个国家的约900名员工。该法院可能会失去进入大部分以美元为基础的金融体系的渠道，而法院工作人员可能会面临美国的旅行限制。
目前尚不清楚额外的制裁将于何时宣布。
美国财政部实施的全实体制裁可能会禁止美国公民和公司在未获得美国财政部外国资产控制办公室(OFAC)许可的情况下，向该法院提供资金、商品或服务。
其影响范围可能从冻结个人信用卡、拒发旅行签证，到被迫取消与提供数据存储和电子邮件服务的公司的合同，或是解雇外部调查人员。
除了这些直接影响之外，由于银行、公司和承包商都在寻求规避风险，制裁可能会对与该法院合作的非美国组织和个人产生寒蝉效应。
该法院将如何继续运作？
规避制裁并非易事。美国在国际金融领域拥有比任何其他国家都更大的影响力，因为美元是大多数全球贸易使用的货币。华盛顿可以通过威胁切断任何与该法院有业务往来的银行的美元渠道，来阻碍正常支付和银行业务。
支付仍可通过这个美元体系之外的渠道进行，但任何与受制裁个人或实体有业务往来的机构都将面临威胁，这极大地限制了这种可能性。
国际刑事法院院长法官友鹤茜2025年曾敦促欧盟援引所谓的阻断法案来保护该法院——这项法律允许欧盟禁止欧洲公司遵守布鲁塞尔认定为非法的美国制裁措施。
欧盟所有成员国都是国际刑事法院的成员。但目前尚不清楚布鲁塞尔内部是否有足够的支持该法院的声音，使其能够介入此事。
美国的这一行动有先例吗？
特朗普首届政府曾于2020年针对国际刑事法院的个别工作人员实施制裁，以回应针对美军在阿富汗涉嫌犯罪行为的调查。
美国总统们最常动用紧急权力，对被视为威胁美国安全利益的外国政府实施制裁。制裁目标包括流氓政权、被指控的恐怖分子、贩毒分子和军阀。
但针对整个国际刑事法院这样的国际机构实施制裁，将是前所未有的举措。该法院是战争罪、危害人类罪和种族灭绝罪的最后上诉法庭。
由安东尼·多伊奇和斯蒂芬妮·范登伯格报道；扬·斯特鲁普切夫斯基补充报道；安德鲁·希文斯编辑
Explainer: How US sanctions would undermine global war crimes court
2026-09-21T13:02:29.77Z / Reuters
Exterior view of the International Criminal Court (ICC), in The Hague, Netherlands, December 9, 2025. Peter Dejong/Pool via REUTERS
THE HAGUE, Sept 21 (Reuters) – US President Donald Trump’s administration is preparing sanctions against the International Criminal Court as part of a campaign to dismantle the institution created to prosecute people accused of the world’s most heinous crimes.
WHY IS WASHINGTON PLANNING TO DO THIS?
The Trump administration has pushed back against the court in response to its arrest warrants for Israeli officials, including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, and a past investigation into the role of US forces in Afghanistan.
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Secretary of State Marco Rubio said the ICC, which was launched in 2002 and has 125 member states, poses a threat to US sovereignty and its allies. Washington has asked member states to withdraw support.
After initially targeting individual judges and prosecutors, Rubio announced a campaign in July to isolate the court, writing that the US government would use every tool at its disposal to “dismantle the ICC — brick by brick, if necessary.”
WHAT ACTIVITIES WOULD US SANCTIONS IMPACT?
Sources have told Reuters the sanctions will soon be imposed against the entire organisation, which has roughly 900 employees from 100 countries. The court could lose access to much of the dollar-based financial system, while court staff could face US travel restrictions.
It is unclear when the additional sanctions will be announced.
Entity-wide sanctions imposed by the US Treasury could prohibit US citizens and companies from providing funds, goods, or services to the court without a license from the US Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).
The impact could range from blocking personal credit cards and travel visas to forced cancellation of contracts with companies providing data storage and email or the hiring of outside investigators.
Beyond that direct impact, sanctions could have a chilling effect on non-US organisations and individuals that work with the court, as banks, companies and contractors seek to avoid risks.
HOW WOULD THE COURT CONTINUE TO FUNCTION?
Circumventing sanctions will not be easy. The United States has more clout in international finance than any other country because the dollar is the currency used for most global trade. Washington can choke access to regular payments and banking by threatening to cut off any bank that deals with the court from the dollar.
Payments could still be made, outside this dollar system, but the threat to any institution that deals with a sanctioned person or entity curtails it radically.
ICC President Judge Tomoko Akane urged the European Union in 2025 to help protect the court by invoking a so-called blocking statute — a law which lets the EU ban European companies from complying with US sanctions that Brussels deems unlawful.
All individual members of the European Union are members of the ICC. But it is unclear whether there is enough support for the court in Brussels for it to step in.
IS THERE ANY PRECEDENT FOR THIS US ACTION?
The first Trump administration imposed sanctions against individual ICC staff members in 2020 in response to an investigation into alleged crimes by Americans in Afghanistan.
US presidents have used emergency powers most frequently against foreign governments deemed a threat to US security interests. Sanctions have targeted rogue actors, alleged terrorists, narcotics traffickers and warlords.
Sanctioning an entire international institution such as the ICC, which is a court of last resort for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, would be an unprecedented step.
Reporting by Anthony Deutsch and Stephanie van den Berg; Additional reporting by Jan Strupczewski; Editing by Andrew Heavens
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