2026-09-17T10:05:10.763Z / 路透社
概述
企业
硅谷数据中心因电力、水资源和污染担忧面临日益强烈的反对
圣何塞官员吹捧税收收入，而居民质疑收益是否会广泛惠及民众
随着辩论升级，加州正在酝酿针对数据中心能源成本和透明度的新规则
加利福尼亚州圣何塞，9月17日路透电——在硅谷最大城市，居民和环保组织正在组织起来反对一系列拟建的数据中心项目，而当地官员此前曾积极争取这些项目，希望将该市打造为人工智能基础设施枢纽。
这场冲突凸显了全美政策制定者面临的一项挑战：如何支持被政府和商界领袖视为对经济竞争力至关重要的行业，同时回应公众对该基础设施所需电力、水资源和污染影响的日益增长的担忧。
路透社每日简报通讯可为您提供开启一天所需的全部新闻。点击此处订阅。
在加利福尼亚州，这场辩论尤其激烈，因为该州是推动人工智能热潮的众多公司的总部所在地，包括谷歌(GOOGL.O)、Meta(META.O)、OpenAI和Anthropic。
圣何塞是拥有近100万人口的加州第三大城市，一直积极拥抱该行业的发展。去年，该市领导人宣布与公用事业公司PG&E(PCG.N)达成协议，加快向数据中心等大型能源用户供电。
该市估计，每座新设施每年可为警察、消防、图书馆、道路和公园等公共服务带来300万至600万美元的税收收入。
然而，尽管硅谷十分富裕，许多居民仍不相信与人工智能相关设施相关的科技驱动型增长浪潮带来的好处会广泛惠及民众。
“企业必须向我们证明，它们为何值得占用我们的资源，以及它们将如何回馈社区，”草根组织“我爱圣何塞”联盟的负责人埃利娜·尹说道。
尹和其他倡导者呼吁在批准更多项目之前，加强公众审查、提高能源和水资源使用的透明度，并开展健康与环境影响研究。
市长马特·马汉表示，解决之道不是停止数据中心开发，而是确保开发过程负责任。
“人们有理由质疑：‘这会推高我的能源成本吗？它会消耗我们的清洁水源吗？它会降低我所在城市的生活质量吗？’”马汉对路透社说道，“这些都是非常合理的问题。”
这场抗争发生之际，加州州长加文·纽森正在审议一系列法案，旨在保护州民免受数据中心供电成本的影响，并提高其能源和水资源使用的透明度。
PG&E表示，新的大型客户可以帮助将固定电网成本分摊到更广泛的用户群体中，有助于降低账单费用。
空气质量是一个特别令人担忧的问题。今年4月，由生物多样性中心领导的一个联盟向湾区空气质量管理区请愿，要求加强对数据中心使用的柴油备用发电机的监管，称现有法规早于近期人工智能相关设施的扩张。
该地区表示，正在探索是否有必要出台更严格的保护措施。
待审议的新立法
圣何塞提出的担忧正日益传到加州首府萨克拉门托。
议员们最近在州参议院和州议会双双最终批准了多项针对数据中心的法案，其中包括旨在确保大型电力用户承担其电网相关成本份额的措施，以及旨在提高能源和水资源消耗透明度的要求。
起草其中多项法案的州参议员史蒂夫·帕迪拉表示，加州有义务发挥引领作用，因为该州是全球许多大型科技公司的总部所在地。
数据中心联盟是一个行业贸易组织，其成员包括谷歌、Meta、OpenAI和Anthropic。该组织表示支持负责任的增长，但辩称这些法案不公平地将数据中心单独挑出，而非其他大型工业和商业电力用户。该组织警告称，这些措施可能会阻碍投资，并将就业、税收收入和项目推向其他州。
纽森有到本月底的时间签署或否决这些法案。由于法案仍在州长待审议阶段，他的办公室拒绝置评。
由尼科拉·格鲁姆报道；奥罗拉·埃利斯编辑
我们的准则：汤姆森路透社信任原则。
In Silicon Valley, AI data center boom meets local resistance
2026-09-17T10:05:10.763Z / reuters.com
Summary
Companies
Silicon Valley data centers face growing opposition over power, water and pollution concerns
San Jose officials tout tax revenue, while residents question whether benefits will be broadly shared
California is weighing new rules on data center energy costs and transparency as the debate intensifies
SAN JOSE, California, Sept 17 (Reuters) – In Silicon Valley’s biggest city, residents and environmental groups are organizing against a wave of proposed data center projects that officials have courted in a bid to position the city as a hub for AI infrastructure.
The clash highlights a challenge confronting policymakers nationwide: how to support an industry viewed by government and business leaders as critical to economic competitiveness while responding to growing public concerns about the electricity, water and pollution impacts of the infrastructure required to power it.
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In California, that debate is particularly fraught because the state is home to many of the companies driving the AI boom, including Google
(GOOGL.O)
, Meta
(META.O)
, OpenAI and Anthropic.
San Jose, a city of nearly 1 million and California’s third-largest, has embraced the industry’s growth. Last year, city leaders announced an agreement with utility PG&E
(PCG.N)
to speed delivery of power to large energy users such as data centers.
The city estimates each new facility could generate between $3 million and $6 million in tax income annually for services such as police, fire protection, libraries, roads and parks.
Despite Silicon Valley’s wealth, however, many residents remain unconvinced that the benefits of the wave of tech-driven growth tied to AI-focused facilities will be broadly shared.
“The companies have to prove to us why they deserve our resources and how they’re going to give back to the community,” said Ellina Yin, a leader of the grassroots I Love San Jose coalition.
Yin and others are pushing for stricter public review, more transparency around energy and water use and studies of health and environmental impacts before more projects are approved.
Mayor Matt Mahan says the answer is not to halt data center development but to ensure it is done responsibly.
“People are right to question, ‘Is this pushing up my energy costs? Is it using our clean water supplies? Will it degrade quality of life in my city?’” Mahan told Reuters. “These are very fair questions.”
The fight comes as California Governor Gavin Newsom weighs a package of bills intended to protect state residents from the costs of powering data centers and increase transparency around their energy and water use.
PG&E said new large customers can help spread fixed grid costs across a broader customer base and help lower bills.
Air quality is a particular concern. In April, a coalition led by the Center for Biological Diversity petitioned the Bay Area Air Quality Management District to strengthen oversight of diesel backup generators used at data centers, arguing that existing regulations predate the recent expansion of AI-related facilities.
The district said it is exploring whether stronger protections are warranted.
NEW LEGISLATION PENDING
The concerns raised in San Jose have increasingly made their way to Sacramento, California’s capital.
Lawmakers recently gave final approval in both the state Senate and Assembly to several bills addressing data centers, including measures intended to ensure large electricity users pay their share of grid-related costs and requirements aimed at increasing transparency around energy and water consumption.
State Senator Steve Padilla, who authored several of the measures, said California has an obligation to lead because it is home to many of the world’s largest technology companies.
The Data Center Coalition, an industry trade group whose members include Google, Meta, OpenAI and Anthropic, said it supports responsible growth but argued the bills unfairly single out data centers rather than other large industrial and commercial electricity users. The group warned the measures could discourage investment and push jobs, tax revenue and projects to other states.
Newsom has until the end of the month to either sign or veto the legislation. His office declined to comment because the bills are pending before the governor.
Reporting by Nichola Groom; Editing by Aurora Ellis
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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