2026-09-16 04:08:31 UTC / 路透社
6 名新提名人将于周三出席参议院司法委员会听证会
特朗普自去年重返白宫以来已确认任命 54 名法官
特朗普首任任期内共任命 234 名法官
9 月 16 日 路透社 —— 由于共和党对美国参议院的掌控岌岌可危，总统唐纳德·特朗普的白宫正推动在今年年底前确认一大批新的联邦法官。
特朗普在 8 月为期 9 天的参议院休会期间宣布提名 13 名新法官。其中 6 名提名人将于周三出席参议院司法委员会听证会，另有 5 名提名人已在全院待审，全院将以多数票表决确认法官提名。
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如果民主党在 11 月 3 日的中期选举中从共和党手中夺得参议院控制权——目前共和党以 53 比 47 占据多数席位——那么特朗普确认更多提名人的能力将在明年新议员就职后化为乌有。
“你永远都会带着失去参议院的担忧推进这项工作，”罗伯特·路德说道，他是乔治梅森大学法学教授，曾在特朗普首任任期内于白宫法律顾问办公室负责司法提名事务。
不过，他和其他专家表示，无论共和党是否继续掌控参议院，这一轮司法提名人选可能都是特朗普在联邦法院留下政治印记的最后重大机遇之一，因为空缺职位和预计退休的法官数量一直在减少。
“暂且不说最高法院的空缺，我预计这将是特朗普任内司法提名进展最缓慢的两年，”路德说。
在参议院控制权可能更迭前匆忙推进法官确认程序并非特朗普独有。民主党总统乔·拜登和参议院民主党人在 2022 年中期选举前也曾面临类似压力。
当年共和党未能夺回参议院，使得拜登最终确认了 235 名法官，比特朗普首任任期内确认的人数还多 1 人。
提名人获保守派活动人士赞扬
特朗普去年重返白宫后，得以继续重塑联邦司法体系，目前已确认任命另外 54 名法官。他两任任期内的任命总数接近联邦法官席位的三分之一。
这些法官帮助推动司法体系向右转，尤其是特朗普任命的 3 名大法官让美国最高法院形成 6 比 3 的保守派多数。自 2021 年以来，最高法院限制了堕胎权和平权行动，扩大了枪支权利，并支持共和党主导的国会选区重划举措。
不过特朗普任命的法官并非总是站在他这边，本周二他就批评自己任命的最高法院大法官否决了一项限制邮寄选票的美国邮政服务规则。
将于周三出席司法委员会听证会的提名人中包括扎克·韦斯特，他因在俄克拉荷马州总检察长办公室的工作获得保守派法律活动人士的赞扬。在该办公室期间，他为堕胎限制法案辩护，并主张俄克拉荷马州不得禁止宗教学校参与其特许学校项目。
本月将接受审议的另一名提名人是阿肯色州联邦地区法官李·鲁道夫斯基，白宫希望将他提拔至位于圣路易斯的第八巡回上诉法院。四年前，他曾作出一项关键裁决，削弱了一项具有里程碑意义的投票权法律。
如果他的提名获得确认，特朗普任命的法官将在该法院占据多数席位，使其成为美国 13 个联邦上诉法院中首个由特朗普选定法官主导的法院。
鲁道夫斯基、韦斯特和其他提名人未回应置评请求。
特朗普对司法体系的印记
自 2025 年 1 月重返白宫以来，特朗普及其盟友频繁批评那些在数百起质疑其行政举措的诉讼中叫停政府政策的法官。
与此同时，白宫重拾了首任任期的核心目标：在全国范围内的联邦初审法院和上诉法院安置保守派律师和特朗普盟友。他任命的许多法官现年三十七八岁或四十出头，可能会在法官席上任职数十年，即使他的总统任期结束后仍会长期影响法律纠纷。
特朗普首任任期内任命的法官，尤其是在得克萨斯州和北达科他州的法官，多次阻止拜登重塑移民政策、减免学生债务和扩大 LGBTQ+ 权利保护的努力。
参议院民主党人表示，特朗普第二任期的提名人选体现了对忠诚度的重视。他们指出，提名人在参议院司法委员会听证会上的回答均未直接表明特朗普输掉了 2020 年总统选举，通常只会回应称拜登被“认证”为获胜者。
白宫表示，其提名人选是基于资历选拔的。
“特朗普总统挑选的都是资质过硬、履历出色的司法提名人，他们通过了白宫严格的审查程序，”白宫发言人劳伦·比斯在一份声明中说道。“只要存在司法职位空缺，特朗普总统都会挑选资质过硬的提名人选，充分尊重我们的宪法和法治，以确保提名得到迅速确认。”
特朗普本届任期内提名的 13 名上诉法院法官中有 3 人曾担任他的私人律师，包括现已任职于费城第三巡回上诉法院的埃米尔·博夫。另外两人也已获得确认。
不过，总统第二任期提名的许多人选背景与他首任任期内任命的法官相似。
其中几人是保守派联邦主义者协会成员，包括韦斯特和另一名将于周三出席听证会的提名人考特尼·科克，她是一名检察官，被提名担任得克萨斯州北部地区美国联邦地区法官，该法院经常成为保守派诉讼当事人挑战民主党政策的热门选择地。
内特·雷蒙德 波士顿报道；大卫·巴里奥与埃德蒙·克拉曼 编辑
Trump faces tight timeline to appoint judges as midterms loom
2026-09-16 04:08:31 UTC / Reuters
Six new nominees appear before Senate Judiciary Committee on Wednesday
Trump has won confirmation of 54 judges since returning to office last year
Trump appointed 234 in his first term
Sept 16 (Reuters) – With Republican control of the U.S. Senate in doubt, President Donald Trump’s White House is pushing to confirm a raft of new federal judges before the year’s end.
Trump announced he was nominating 13 new judges during a nine-day span in August while the Republican-led Senate was in recess. Six of those nominees will appear before the Senate Judiciary Committee on Wednesday, joining five others already pending before the full chamber, which confirms judges by majority vote.
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If Democrats during the November 3 midterm elections win control of the Senate from Republicans, who now hold a 53-47 majority, Trump’s ability to confirm additional nominees could evaporate once new lawmakers take office next year.
“You always go into this with the fear of losing the Senate,” said Robert Luther, a George Mason University law professor who worked on judicial nominations in the White House Counsel’s Office during Trump’s first term.
Regardless of whether Republicans keep control of the Senate, however, he and other experts say this round of judicial nominees may be one of Trump’s last big chances to make his mark on the courts, since the pool of vacancies and judges likely to retire has been shrinking.
“Supreme Court vacancy notwithstanding, I expect this to be the slowest two years for judicial nominations under Trump,” Luther said.
The scramble to confirm judges before a possible change in Senate control is not unique to Trump. Democratic President Joe Biden and Senate Democrats faced similar pressure ahead of the 2022 midterms.
Republicans failed to retake the Senate that year, allowing Biden to finish with 235 confirmed judges, one more than Trump was able to confirm in his first term.
NOMINEES DRAW PRAISE FROM CONSERVATIVE ACTIVISTS
Trump’s return to the White House last year has allowed the Republican president to continue reshaping the federal judiciary, winning confirmation of another 54 judges. His total appointments from both of his terms equate to nearly one-third of the federal bench.
Those judges helped to tilt the judiciary to the right, particularly Trump’s three appointees on the U.S. Supreme Court’s 6-3 conservative majority. Since 2021, the court has curtailed abortion access and affirmative action, expanded gun rights and backed Republican-led congressional redistricting efforts.
Judges appointed by Trump have not always ruled in his favor, though, as evidenced on Tuesday when he criticized his appointees on the Supreme Court for ruling against a U.S. Postal Service rule restricting mail-in ballots.
Among the nominees appearing before the Judiciary Committee on Wednesday is Zach West, who won praise from conservative legal activists for his work in the Oklahoma Attorney General’s Office, where he defended abortion restrictions and argued that Oklahoma could not bar religious schools from participating in its charter school program.
Another nominee to be considered this month is Arkansas-based U.S. District Judge Lee Rudofsky, whom the White House wants to elevate to the St. Louis-based 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals after he delivered a key ruling four years ago that weakened a landmark voting rights law.
His confirmation would give Trump appointees a majority on the court, making it the first of the nation’s 13 federal appeals courts to be dominated by his chosen judges.
Rudofsky, West and other nominees did not respond to requests for comment.
TRUMP’S MARK ON THE COURTS
Since returning to office in January 2025, Trump and his allies have frequently criticized judges who blocked administration policies amid hundreds of lawsuits challenging his actions.
At the same time, the White House has resumed a central first-term goal: placing conservative lawyers and Trump allies on federal trial and appellate courts nationwide. Many of his appointees are in their late 30s or early 40s, and could remain on the bench for decades, influencing legal disputes long after his presidency ends.
Judges appointed by Trump during his first term, particularly in Texas and North Dakota, repeatedly blocked Biden’s efforts to reshape immigration policy, forgive student debt and expand LGBTQ+ rights protections.
Senate Democrats have said his second-term nominees have reflected an emphasis on loyalty. They point to nominees’ answers at Senate Judiciary Committee hearings in which they uniformly avoided stating directly that Trump lost the 2020 presidential election, typically responding instead that Biden was “certified” the victor.
The White House said its nominees were selected based on their qualifications.
“President Trump selects highly qualified and credentialed judicial nominees who have passed the White House’s rigorous vetting process,” White House spokeswoman Lauren Bis said in a statement. “Wherever there are judicial vacancies, President Trump will select highly qualified nominees with great respect for our Constitution and rule of law to be confirmed expeditiously.”
Three of Trump’s 13 previous appellate nominees this term had served as his personal attorneys, including Emil Bove, now a judge on the Philadelphia-based 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The other two have likewise been confirmed.
Still, many of the president’s second-term picks have backgrounds similar to the judges he appointed during his first administration.
Several are members of the conservative Federalist Society, including West and another nominee appearing Wednesday, Courtney Coker, a prosecutor nominated to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas, a venue frequently sought by conservative litigants challenging Democratic policies.
Reporting by Nate Raymond in Boston; Editing by David Bario and Edmund Klamann
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