2026-09-15T10:08:19.868Z / 路透社
华盛顿9月15日路透电 – 路透社与益普索联合开展的一项新民调显示，近年来美国民众对包括麻疹在内的致命儿童疾病疫苗的信任度有所下降，这在该国正经历数十年来最严重麻疹疫情之际令人担忧。
这项于周一结束的为期四天的民调显示，美国两党多数民众仍支持儿童接种麻疹疫苗。在疫苗接种率下降导致疫情近年反弹之前，麻疹已在美国销声匿迹二十多年。
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约76%的美国民众表示，他们认为麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹联合疫苗对儿童安全，这一比例低于2020年5月路透社益普索民调中的84%。信任度下降在共和党群体中最为明显，该党部分人士一直淡化疫苗的重要性。
唐纳德·特朗普总统于8月签署一项行政令，要求将联邦儿童疫苗接种计划中的疫苗种类从17种缩减至11种。这位共和党总统的最高卫生官员小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪在被特朗普任命为卫生部长之前，长期反对疫苗接种。在任期间，他一直在寻求全面改革美国疫苗政策，主张减少儿童接种的疫苗数量。
35年来最严重疫情
宾夕法尼亚州、犹他州和南卡罗来纳州今年正应对麻疹疫情。宾夕法尼亚州近期宣布了3例与麻疹相关的死亡病例。美国今年已记录超过3000例确诊感染病例，为35年来最多。
麻疹会引发发烧、皮疹和呼吸道疾病等症状，传染性极强，但通过麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹联合疫苗可以轻松预防。这是儿童常规接种的疫苗，两剂接种后预防感染的有效率达97%。通常在儿童12至15个月大时接种第一剂，4至6岁时接种第二剂。
根据美国疾控中心（CDC）的数据，去年美国幼儿园儿童的平均疫苗接种率降至92.5%，低于专家所称的实现群体免疫所需的95%的水平。群体免疫可以保护社区中无法接种疫苗的人群。
路透社益普索民调显示，仅有19%的美国民众认可特朗普对麻疹疫情的处理方式，而52%的民众不认可，其余受访者表示没有看法或未作答。
曾难以想象的里程碑
尽管美国因去年开始的疫情持续传播，预计将于今年晚些时候丧失麻疹消除状态，但特朗普很少提及这场麻疹疫情。对于一个二十多年来一直以通过高疫苗接种率根除麻疹为荣的国家来说，这是一个曾难以想象的里程碑。
在路透社益普索的调查中，当被问及哪个政党在遏制麻疹等传染病方面的政策更优时，登记选民选择民主党和共和党的比例分别为45%和25%。
对于一些共和党人来说，这可能令人担忧，因为该党正力争在11月3日的中期选举中控制国会，不过疫苗和疾病远非选民最关注的问题。
约31%的选民表示非常担心麻疹疫情，而58%的选民对生活成本表示非常担忧。
宾夕法尼亚州上月宣布两例与麻疹相关的死亡病例后，肯尼迪再次重复了错误言论，称麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹联合疫苗含有流产胎儿组织，并质疑麻疹是否是导致死亡的原因。本周宾夕法尼亚州又宣布了第三例与麻疹相关的死亡病例。
这项在全美范围内开展的线上路透社益普索民调共收集了1143名美国成年人的反馈，误差幅度为3个百分点。
杰森·兰格、亚斯敏·阿布塔莱布 华盛顿报道；斯科特·马龙、比尔·伯克罗 编辑
Trust in measles vaccines falls in US, Reuters Ipsos poll finds
2026-09-15T10:08:19.868Z / Reuters
WASHINGTON, Sept 15 (Reuters) – Americans’ trust in vaccines for deadly childhood diseases including measles has fallen in recent years, a new Reuters/Ipsos poll found, a troubling sign for the country as it experiences its worst measles outbreaks in decades.
The four-day poll, completed on Monday, showed that a bipartisan majority of the nation still backs vaccinating children against measles, a disease that largely disappeared from the U.S. for more than two decades until a resurgence took hold in recent years following a decline in vaccination rates.
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Some 76% of Americans said they believe vaccines against measles, mumps and rubella are safe for kids, down from 84% in a May 2020 Reuters/Ipsos poll. The declining trust was most pronounced among Republicans, as some in the party have downplayed the importance of vaccines.
President Donald Trump signed an executive order in August that called for reducing the number of immunizations on the federal childhood vaccination schedule from 17 to 11. The Republican president’s top health official, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., was a longtime anti-vaccine activist before Trump made him health secretary. In that role, he has sought to overhaul U.S. vaccine policy, pushing for fewer vaccines for children.
WORST OUTBREAK IN 35 YEARS
Pennsylvania, Utah and South Carolina are grappling with measles outbreaks this year. Pennsylvania announced three measles-related deaths in recent weeks. The country has tallied more than 3,000 confirmed infections this year, the most in 35 years.
Measles, which can cause symptoms including fever, rash and respiratory issues, is highly contagious but easily preventable with the measles, mumps and rubella combination vaccine, a routine shot for children that is 97% effective in preventing infection after two doses. It is typically given at age 12 to 15 months and then again at age 4 to 6 years.
Average U.S. vaccination coverage among kindergarten children dropped last year to 92.5%, according to CDC data, below the 95% level experts say is necessary to achieve so-called herd immunity that can protect those in the community unable to get the vaccine.
The Reuters/Ipsos poll showed just 19% of Americans approve of Trump’s handling of the measles outbreak, compared with 52% who disapprove. The rest said they didn’t have a view or didn’t answer the question.
ONCE-UNTHINKABLE MILESTONE
Trump has rarely spoken about the measles outbreak, even as the U.S. is widely expected to lose its measles elimination status later this year after outbreaks that began last year led to sustained transmission. That is a once-unthinkable milestone for a country that had prided itself on eradicating the disease more than two decades ago through high vaccination rates.
Registered voters in the Reuters/Ipsos survey picked Democrats over Republicans by 45% to 25% when asked which party has a better approach to stopping infectious diseases like measles.
That might be worrisome for some Republicans as the party seeks to keep control of Congress in the November 3 midterm elections, though vaccines and disease are far from the top concerns to voters.
Some 31% of voters said they were very worried about measles outbreaks, compared to 58% who said the same about their cost of living.
After Pennsylvania announced two measles-related deaths last month, Kennedy again repeated the false claim that the MMR vaccine contains aborted fetus debris and cast doubt on whether measles played a role in the deaths. Pennsylvania announced a third measles-related death this week.
The Reuters/Ipsos poll, which was conducted online and nationwide, gathered responses from 1,143 U.S. adults and had a margin of error of 3 percentage points.
Reporting by Jason Lange and Yasmeen Abutaleb in Washington; Editing by Scott Malone and Bill Berkrot
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