2026年9月11日 / 美国东部时间下午2:25 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（CBS News）
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梅根·塞鲁洛 记者，MoneyWatch栏目
梅根·塞鲁洛是哥伦比亚广播公司MoneyWatch驻纽约记者，报道小企业、职场、医疗保健、消费者支出和个人理财话题。她定期亮相哥伦比亚广播公司24小时新闻频道讨论其报道内容。
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美国劳工整体薪酬增长有所放缓，但美国银行研究所（Bank of America Institute）的数据显示，7月份有一类群体的薪资增速创下三年多来最快——这类群体通过跳槽更换工作。
该研究机构在近期报告中称，获得更高加薪的跳槽者大多是时薪较低的低收入劳动者。报告显示，7月份跳槽者的薪资涨幅三个月移动平均值达到12.5%，创下三年来新高。
该机构指出，跳槽带来的薪资涨幅仍低于疫情期间的水平。不过经济学家表示，低收入劳动者薪资增速加快仍令人鼓舞。
“我们看到这些劳动者通过跳槽实现薪资大幅上涨，这意味着低收入劳动者的薪酬有所提升，时薪群体的流动性也有所增强，”美国银行研究所经济学家泰勒·鲍利（Taylor Bowley）对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻表示，“过去低收入和高收入劳动者之间明显的薪资差距正在缩小。”
8月份，低收入家庭税后薪资同比增长4.7%，而高收入家庭薪资增幅为3.5%。
薪资增长更快并不代表生活改善
低收入劳动者大多集中在休闲和酒店业、运输和仓储业以及零售业的部分领域。
无党派机构路德维希共享经济繁荣研究所（Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity）的数据显示，近25%的美国劳动者处于“功能性失业”状态，即他们处于失业且正在找工作、非自愿兼职，或年收入低于2.6万美元（税前）的贫困线水平。
与此同时，联邦最低工资仍维持在每小时7.25美元，与2009年持平，而疫情以来的高通胀削弱了消费者的购买力。
美国银行研究所另一项关于跳槽薪资溢价的研究发现，高收入者通常在留任原雇主时获得更大薪资涨幅，而年轻或低收入劳动者通常在更换雇主时获得更高薪资增长。
劳动力市场与职业洞察提供商燃烧玻璃研究所（The Burning Glass Institute）首席经济学家加德·莱瓦农（Gad Levanon）表示，跳槽者通常是为了更好或更高薪的机会而离开原雇主，因此他们的薪资涨幅远高于未跳槽者并不令人意外。
“这里面存在一定的选择性，跳槽者可能本身就比不离职的劳动者更优秀。因此，他们跳槽时就能获得更高加薪，”他对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻表示。
跳槽也可能意味着在另一家公司担任更高层级的职位。
人工智能催生“抱紧工作”现象
莱瓦农补充称，金融、保险、房地产、科技和咨询等行业的白领辞职率往往低于时薪劳动者，这在很大程度上是因为这些行业的就业增长疲软。
他说：“部分原因是人工智能正在自动化许多这类岗位。”
美国ADP研究院的数据显示，这类劳动者的职业似乎最容易受到人工智能驱动的招聘变革影响，因此许多人选择坚守岗位，这种做法被称为“抱紧工作”。
“所以这有点像想在这些行业工作的人供过于求，人们得不到太多外部工作机会。他们面临激烈竞争，所以选择留任，”莱瓦农说道。
鲍利表示，雇主正面临她所谓的“技能 mismatch（技能错配）”，因为他们表示很难招聘到符合岗位所需精准资质和能力的劳动者。
“这让求职者拥有了更多议价能力，并促使企业为该岗位所需类型的劳动者支付更高薪资，”她说。
鲍利还表示，人工智能数据中心的建设也可能推动了部分跳槽者的薪资上涨。比如，支撑人工智能应用增长的高科技中心需要建筑工人、电工和暖通空调专家。Revelio Labs的研究显示，与传统商业或住宅建筑岗位相比，这类岗位的薪资存在溢价。
阿兰·谢特（Alain Sherter）编辑
How lower-paid workers are getting their biggest pay raise in years
September 11, 2026 / 2:25 PM EDT / CBS News
By
Megan Cerullo Reporter, MoneyWatch
Megan Cerullo is a New York-based reporter for CBS MoneyWatch covering small business, workplace, health care, consumer spending and personal finance topics. She regularly appears on CBS News 24/7 to discuss her reporting.
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Although overall pay growth for U.S. workers has slowed, in July one group saw their fastest wage growth in more than three years — by jumping ship and changing jobs, according to the Bank of America Institute.
Job switchers receiving larger pay hikes were mostly lower-paid, hourly workers, the research firm said in a recent report. In July, the three-month moving average wage increase for job changers hit a three-year high of 12.5%, according to the report.
Pay bumps for switching jobs remain below pandemic levels, the firm notes. Still, economists say they’re encouraged by the acceleration in wage growth among lower-paid workers.
“The fact that we’re seeing these workers see a strong jump in pay associated with job changing suggests there’s a pickup in pay for lower-income workers, and there’s increased mobility among those who are paid hourly,” Bank of America Institute economist Taylor Bowley told CBS News. “We are seeing a narrowing in what used to be a strong pay differential between lower-income and higher-income workers.”
In August, lower-income households’ after-tax wages rose 4.7% year over year, while higher-income households’ pay rose 3.5%.
Faster wage growth doesn’t mean flourishing
Lower-paid workers tend to be concentrated in leisure and hospitality, transportation and warehousing, and in some parts of the retail sector.
Nearly 25% of U.S. workers are “functionally unemployed,” meaning they are unemployed and looking for a job, working part-time involuntarily, or earning poverty-level wages (less than $26,000 annually before taxes), according to the nonpartisan Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity.
Meanwhile, the federal minimum wage remains $7.25 an hour, the same level as in 2009, while high inflation since the pandemic has eroded consumers’ purchasing power.
Separate BofA Institute research on the job-switching pay premium found that higher-income earners typically see greater gains when they stay with their employers, while younger or lower-paid workers typically see higher wage gains by moving to another employer.
Gad Levanon, chief economist at The Burning Glass Institute, a provider of labor market and career insights, said job switchers often leave their employer for a better or higher-paying opportunity, so it’s not surprising they earned substantially higher pay increases than non-job switchers.
“There’s a bit of a selection in that the switchers could simply be better workers than the ones who aren’t leaving. Therefore, when they switch, they get a higher raise,” he told CBS News.
Switching jobs also may involve taking a higher-level position at another company.
AI spurs “job hugging”
Levanon added that the quit rate among white-collar workers in industries like finance, insurance, real estate, technology and consulting tends to be lower than for hourly workers, largely because job growth in such industries is weak.
This is “partly because AI is automating many of these jobs,” he said.
Many such workers are clinging to their jobs, a practice known as “job-hugging,” as their careers appear most exposed to AI-driven changes in hiring, according to ADP Research.
“So there’s kind of a glut of people who want to work in those industries, and people aren’t getting a lot of outside offers. They have a lot of competition, so they stay put,” Levanon said.
Bowley said employers are facing what she called a skills mismatch as they report struggling to recruit workers with the precise qualifications and abilities that they seek.
“That gives people who are looking for a job more bargaining power, and incentivizes businesses to pay more for the type of workers they’re looking for for that role,” she said.
Indeed, the AI data center buildout also could be contributing to the higher pay hikes for some job switchers, Bowley said. The high-tech centers powering rising AI usage require construction workers, electricians and HVAC specialists, for example. Such roles command a wage premium compared to traditional commercial or residential construction, research from Revelio Labs shows.
Edited by Alain Sherter
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