2026-09-10T11:29:16.533Z / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
作者：派珀·赫德斯佩思·布莱克本
34分钟前发布
发布于 2026年9月10日，美国东部时间上午7:29
贾斯汀·沙利文/盖蒂图片社
特朗普政府周三提议对美国人口普查进行全面改革，这可能导致数百万人未被纳入统计范围，大幅改变国会席位分配以及数十亿美元联邦资金的分配。
这份在《联邦公报》上发布的拟议新规将在2030年人口普查中加入公民身份问题，并将非合法永久居民的移民排除在全国人口调查之外，从而不统计无证件移民、寻求庇护者和难民。
这一提议与唐纳德·特朗普总统第一任期内未能成功推进的举措类似，标志着与长期以来的人口普查惯例发生巨大转变——后者历来会统计所有居民，无论其移民身份如何。
批评人士和民权组织长期以来一直警告称，特朗普试图加入公民身份问题的做法会吓退合法居民或归化公民，使其不愿填写十年一次的人口普查问卷，从而导致少数族裔人口统计不足。而这份普查问卷还将用于确定一系列政府项目的拨款金额。
拟议的改革可能需要数月时间才能正式生效，且很可能会面临法律挑战。公众有30天时间提交反馈意见。
这些尚未最终敲定的规定出台之际，距离特朗普指示商务部启动一项排除无证件移民并在人口普查中重新加入公民身份问题的新普查工作仅一年多一点时间。美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）去年8月曾报道，本届政府还在人口普查局内部安插了一批来自特朗普盟友的“美国优先政策研究所”的党派分析师。而该局历来由职业统计人员领导，独立于白宫运作。
美国宪法要求每十年进行一次全国人口普查，以确定每个州在众议院的席位数量。美国宪法第十四修正案要求统计“每个州的全部人口数”。
本届政府还试图不加入种族、族裔或性取向相关问题，称该调查“应当无视肤色，不应被无关个人特征问题以任何方式扭曲”。
特朗普自第一任期以来就一直在试图修改人口普查规则，当时他试图重新加入1820年至1950年期间大多数人口普查都包含的公民身份问题。他辩称，此举对更好地遵守联邦投票权法律是必要的。
总统的这一举措引发了由18名总检察长、6个城市以及两党组成的美国市长会议提起的诉讼，最终被最高法院驳回。
最高法院作出裁决后，特朗普最终放弃了这一努力，转而要求联邦机构提供记录，以便确定公民的人头统计数据。
美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）的盖布·科恩、弗雷德里卡·舒滕、伊桑·科恩和亚历杭德拉·哈拉米洛对本文亦有贡献。
Trump admin pushes sweeping overhaul of census that could exclude millions, reshape Congress and slash federal funding
2026-09-10T11:29:16.533Z / CNN
By Piper Hudspeth Blackburn
34 min ago
PUBLISHED Sep 10, 2026, 7:29 AM ET
The US census logo appears on census materials received in the mail with an invitation to fill out census information online on March 19, 2020 in San Anselmo, California.
Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
The Trump administration on Wednesday proposed sweeping changes to the US census that could leave millions out of the count, dramatically altering the allocation of congressional seats and billions in federal funds.
The proposed regulation posted in the Federal Register would add a citizenship question to the 2030 census and exclude immigrants who are not legal permanent residents from the nationwide population survey, leaving out undocumented individuals, asylum seekers and refugees.
The proposal — similar to an unsuccessful effort from President Donald Trump’s first term — marks a dramatic shift from longstanding census practices which have historically counted all residents regardless of immigration status.
Critics and civil rights groups have long warned that Trump’s attempt to add a citizenship question would result in minorities being undercounted by scaring off even legal residents or naturalized citizens from completing the decennial questionnaire, which is also used to determine funding for an array of government programs.
It could take months for the proposed changes to become official, and they are likely to face legal challenges. The public has 30 days to submit comments in response.
The rules, which are not final, come just over a year after Trump directed the Department of Commerce to begin work on a new census that excludes undocumented immigrants and adds the citizenship question back to the census. The regulatory effort also arrives months after the administration installed a group of partisan analysts from the Trump-aligned America First Policy Institute inside the Census Bureau, CNN reported in August. The agency has traditionally been led by career statisticians and operated independently of the White House.
The US Constitution requires a national census every ten years in order to determine how many seats each state gets in the House of Representatives. The 14th Amendment requires a count of “the whole number of persons in each State.”
The administration is also seeking to not include questions about race, ethnicity or sexual orientation, claiming that the survey “should be colorblind and should not be distorted in any way by questions about immaterial personal characteristics.”
Trump has been trying to rewrite the census rules since his first term, when he attempted to reinsert the citizenship question which had been included in most census counts from 1820 to 1950. He has argued it was necessary to better comply with federal voting rights law.
The president’s move led to a lawsuit from a coalition of 18 attorneys general, six cities and the bipartisan US Conference of Mayors and was ultimately blocked by the Supreme Court.
After the high court’s ruling, Trump eventually backed away from the effort and went on to ask federal agencies to provide records that could determine a head count of citizens instead.
CNN’s Gabe Cohen, Fredreka Schouten, Ethan Cohen and Alejandra Jaramillo contributed to this report.
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