2026年9月9日 美国东部时间09:38 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
今年夏天，美国红十字会宣布了该国有史以来第二次全国性血液供应危机，全国范围内的血液短缺正威胁着患者的救治。血液的保质期很短，且仅有3%的符合条件的献血者会定期献血。夏季的意外事故和紧急情况会让本就紧张的血液库存雪上加霜，而定期献血者可能会错过献血预约，进一步加剧了这一问题。
我们与该组织的分区首席医疗官考特尼·劳伦斯医生进行了对话，探讨了献血的重要性、围绕献血流程的误区与真相，以及献血如何能揭示你自身的健康信息。
血液短缺如何让女性面临更大风险
劳伦斯表示，女性比男性更容易受到血液危机的影响，因为她们更需要输血。原因有很多：
平均而言，女性的血红蛋白水平低于男性。血红蛋白水平是医生判断何时需要进行输血的参考数据之一。劳伦斯解释道，由于女性的平均血红蛋白水平更低，“可能会有一段时期她们更需要输血”。
劳伦斯还指出，女性还会面临一些特定的风险阶段，比如怀孕期间更容易患上贫血，分娩时可能会出现需要输血的紧急情况。
献血能揭示的关键健康信息
献血者在每次献血前都会接受简短的健康筛查，收集其体重、血压以及其他血液相关数据。
使用美国红十字会APP的献血者甚至可以追踪这些数据。
“我们知道至少三分之一的人群不会定期去看初级保健医生。因此有很多人不会经常与医生或执业护士接触，而他们中的一些人每两个月就会来献血一次，”劳伦斯说道，“我们是一个频繁的接触点，而我们已经需要这些数据，因为我们要确保献血者前来献血时的安全。”
“既然我们已经在检查这些参数：他们的心率、血压、血红蛋白以及健康史，为什么不将这些信息也提供给献血者，让他们可以追踪呢？这样一来，如果我们发现某些情况可能需要医疗干预，他们就可以将这些信息带给自己的医疗保健提供者，并且这些信息已经可供医生参考了？”她补充道。
此外，还有新兴研究表明献血可以改善整体健康状况。劳伦斯表示，一些小型研究显示，定期献血有助于控制血压。献血还会暂时降低体内的铁水平。一些研究表明，这可以帮助部分人群改善心脏健康状况。
劳伦斯说，尽管有网络传言称献血可以预防癌症，但实际上它并没有这种功效。有时，献血检测会发现异常情况，促使人们去看医生，但“这绝对不是我们让人们前来献血筛查的主要原因”。
拆解献血常见误区
在对话中，劳伦斯澄清了一些关于献血的最常见误区。以下是需要了解的正确信息：
- “我有纹身或永久妆容，所以不能献血。” 劳伦斯表示，能否在纹身或做永久妆容后献血，取决于你纹身的场所是否经过州政府监管。如果场所合规，你可以在三个月后再次献血。如果不合规，你可能会被暂缓献血资格。
- “我的血型不是稀有血型，所以我的献血没有太大必要。” 劳伦斯表示，这“绝对不是”事实。“无论你的血型是什么，总会有患者能从你的血液中获益。”
- “我有高血压，所以献血对我来说太危险了。” 劳伦斯表示，这种说法大体上是错误的。献血筛查会检测出血压过高、不适合安全献血的情况。如果你的高血压得到了良好控制，“你完全可以前来献血”。
- “我有糖尿病或者正在服用GLP-1类药物，所以不能献血。” 劳伦斯表示，这种说法大体上也是错误的。病情控制良好的糖尿病患者可以献血。正在服用美国食品药品监督管理局批准的糖尿病治疗药物（包括GLP-1类药物）的人群也可以献血。
- “献血前应该空腹，就像做血液检查一样。” 劳伦斯表示，这种说法完全错误。献血前应该吃一顿丰盛的饭菜并保持水分充足，这样才能“为成功献血做好准备”。
- “献血会让你患上贫血。” 劳伦斯表示，这种说法大体上是错误的，不过定期献血者应该咨询自己的初级保健医生，确保自己不需要在饮食中补充更多铁元素或服用铁剂。
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/american-red-cross-sounds-alarm-on-national-blood-supply-crisis/
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/national-blood-emergency-declared-as-american-red-cross-calls-for-donations/
Myths and facts about donating blood, and how it could reveal clues about your own health
2026-09-09 09:38 EDT / CBS News
The American Red Cross declared its second-ever national blood supply crisis this summer amid a shortage that’s threatening patients around the country. Blood has a short shelf life, and only 3% of eligible donors give blood regularly. Summer accidents and emergencies can put an already-strained stock at risk, and regular donors may skip their appointments, compounding the problem.
We sat down with Dr. Courtney Lawrence, a divisional chief medical officer at the organization, to talk about the importance of blood donation, the myths and facts around the process and how donating can reveal information about your own health.
How blood shortages put women at risk
Women can be more affected by a blood crisis than men, because they are more likely to need a transfusion, Lawrence said. There are a number of reasons why.
Women have lower hemoglobin than men, on average. Hemoglobin levels are one of the pieces of data doctors use to determine when a blood transfusion should be done. Because women’s levels are lower on average, there “can be a period where they’re more likely to need blood transfusion,” Lawrence explained.
There are also certain risk periods, like pregnancy, where women are more prone to anemia, and childbirth, where emergencies may necessitate a blood transfusion, Lawrence said.
The key health information blood donation reveals
Blood donors undergo a brief health screening before each donation. It collects data about a person’s weight, blood pressure and other data about their blood.
Donors who use the Red Cross app can even track that data.
“We know at least a third of the population does not get in regularly to see a primary healthcare provider. So that’s a lot of people who don’t have a constant touch point with a physician or a nurse practitioner and some of them may come in to donate blood every two months,” Lawrence said. “We’re a frequent touch point and this is already information that we need because we want to make sure that we’re keeping our donors safe when they come in to donate.”
“So if we’re already checking these parameters, their heart rate, their blood pressure, their hemoglobin, this health history, why not make that information also accessible and trackable to those donors, so that if we do find that there’s something that could benefit from a healthcare provider intervention, then they can take that information back to their healthcare provider and already have it accessible to them?” she added.
There is also emerging research that shows giving blood can improve your overall health. Some small studies show that giving blood regularly can help control your blood pressure, Lawrence said. Donating blood also temporarily lowers your iron levels. Some studies show this can help some individuals improve their heart health, Lawrence said.
One thing donating blood can’t do, Lawrence said, is help prevent cancer, despite viral claims.Sometimes, tests can show irregularities that prompt people to get checked out by a doctor, but it’s “certainly not the primary reason that we have people come in and screen,” Lawrence said.
Breaking down blood donation myths
During our conversation, Lawrence weighed in on some of the most popular myths surrounding blood donation. Here’s what to know.
- “I have a tattoo or permanent makeup, so I can’t give blood.” Whether you can donate after getting tattooed depends on if you go to a tattoo facility that is state regulated, Lawrence said. If the facility is regulated, you can donate again within three months. If it is not, you may be deferred.
- “I don’t have a rare blood type, so my blood donation isn’t really needed.” This is “absolutely not” true, Lawrence said. “Regardless of what your blood type is, there is a patient out there that would benefit from it.”
- “I have high blood pressure, so it’s too dangerous for me to donate blood.” This is generally false, Lawrence said. The donor screening would catch a blood pressure level that is too high to safely donate. If you have high blood pressure that’s under control, “you are free to come in and donate blood,” Lawrence said.
- “I have diabetes or I am taking a GLP-1 medication, so I can’t give blood.” This is also generally false, Lawrence said. Those with well-controlled diabetes can donate blood. People taking Food and Drug Administration-approved diabetes treatments, including GLP-1s, can donate blood.
- “You should fast before giving blood, similar to a blood test.” This is absolutely false, Lawrence said. Eat a hearty meal and stay hydrated to “set yourself up for success” with your donation.
- “Giving blood can make you anemic.” This is generally false, Lawrence said, though regular donors should talk with their primary care physician to ensure they don’t need more iron in their diet or an iron supplement.
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/american-red-cross-sounds-alarm-on-national-blood-supply-crisis/
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/national-blood-emergency-declared-as-american-red-cross-calls-for-donations/
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