2026年8月18日 / 美国东部时间中午12:25 / 哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）新闻
作者：梅利莎·奎因
华盛顿讯——美国联邦上诉法院周二继续叫停美国国土安全部的一项政策，该政策允许移民官员在贵格会、合作浸信会和锡克教的部分宗教场所开展执法行动。
由第四巡回上诉法院三名法官组成的一致合议庭，在案件审理期间维持了地区法院发布的初步禁令。这项于去年发布的禁令，禁止特朗普政府将其2025年出台的这项政策适用于本案原告：贵格会、锡克教以及合作浸信会联合会的宗教场所。
在芭芭拉·米兰诺·基南法官撰写的判决书中，第四巡回上诉法院合议庭裁定，这些宗教场所证明国土安全部的政策对其宗教自由活动造成了实质性负担。
她写道，这项新指引“正在对其会众产生寒蝉效应，已经导致合作浸信会联合会和锡克教原告的会众出席人数下降”。基南指出，会众出席人数的减少，以及原告宗教场所面临的移民执法威胁升级，“已经对所有原告通过集体礼拜表达宗教信仰的能力造成了实质性负担”。
与她一同作出该判决的还有G·史蒂文·阿吉法官和帕梅拉·哈里斯法官。基南和哈里斯是由巴拉克·奥巴马总统任命至第四巡回上诉法院的，而阿吉则是由乔治·W·布什总统任命的。
这场争端可以追溯到特朗普第二届政府就职初期，当时国土安全部推翻了拜登政府时期出台的一项政策，该政策禁止在宗教场所、学校或医院等受保护区域内或附近开展移民执法行动。
根据这项新政策，特朗普政府表示，移民官员在决定是否在这些敏感地点开展移民执法行动时，应行使自由裁量权并秉持“充分的常识”。
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合作浸信会联合会（约有75万浸信会信徒）、萨克拉门托西部锡克教古德瓦拉 Sahib 寺庙（服务3万锡克教徒）以及六个贵格会礼拜堂，于去年提起诉讼，质疑这项允许在宗教场所实施移民逮捕的新政策。他们指控该政策违反了《宗教自由恢复法》和第一修正案。
他们辩称，这项新政策让移民信徒不敢出席礼拜仪式和参与其他宗教事工活动，导致会众出席人数下降。
在支持这些宗教场所的判决中，基南援引了国土安全部2025年1月的一份声明，该部门发言人在声明中表示，根据这项新政策，“罪犯再也无法藏身于美国的学校和教堂以逃避逮捕”。
“对于那些欢迎移民信徒、且场所位于移民社区内或附近的原告而言，国土安全部强调这项政策调整理由的声明表明，移民执法行动威胁在他们的宗教场所真实存在且影响重大，”她写道。“证据显示，原告宗教场所面临的移民执法威胁升级，已经给原告带来了巨大压力，迫使他们违背诸多宗教信仰。”
原告对这一判决表示欢迎，并誓言将继续致力于保护宗教自由。
“这项判决再次确认了宗教自由的一项基本承诺：每个人都能够聚集、礼拜、祈祷并为社区服务，而不必担心移民执法会非法扰乱神圣场所，”该联盟在一份声明中说道。
Appeals court upholds block on immigration arrests at certain houses of worship
August 18, 2026 / 12:25 PM EDT / CBS News
By Melissa Quinn
Washington — A federal appeals court on Tuesday continued to block a Department of Homeland Security policy allowing immigration officers to conduct enforcement actions at certain houses of worship for Quakers, Cooperative Baptists and Sikhs.
A unanimous panel of three judges from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit left in place a district court’s preliminary injunction while the case continues. That order, issued last year, barred the Trump administration from applying its 2025 policy to the plaintiffs in the case: houses of worship from the Quaker, Sikh, and Cooperative Baptist Fellowship religious traditions.
In a decision written by Judge Barbara Milano Keenan, the 4th Circuit panel ruled that the houses of worship showed that the Department of Homeland Security’s policy substantially burdens the free exercise of their religion.
The new guidance, she wrote, “is having a chilling effect on their congregations and already has caused declines in attendance among members of [Cooperative Baptist Fellowship] and the Sikh Plaintiffs.” That drop in attendance and the increased threat of immigration enforcement at the plaintiffs’ houses of worship “already has imposed a substantial burden on the ability of all the plaintiffs to express their religion through communal worship,” Keenan wrote.
She was joined by Judges G. Steven Agee and Pamela Harris. Keenan and Harris were appointed to the 4th Circuit by President Barack Obama, and Agee was named by President George W. Bush.
The dispute dates back to the first days of President Trump’s second administration, when DHS rolled back a policy issued under the Biden administration that barred immigration enforcement actions at or near protected areas like places of worship, schools or hospitals.
Under a new policy, the Trump administration said immigration officers should use their discretion and a “healthy dose of common sense” when deciding whether to conduct immigration enforcement actions in those sensitive locations.
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The Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, which serves roughly 750,000 Baptists; the Gurdwara Sahib West Sacramento, serving 30,000 Sikhs; and six Quaker Meetings filed their lawsuit challenging the new policy allowing immigration arrests at houses of worship last year. They alleged it violates the Religious Freedom Restoration Act and the First Amendment.
They argued that the new policy chilled immigrants’ attendance at their services and other ministries and led to a decline in attendance.
In its decision in favor of the houses of worship, Keenan cited a DHS statement from January 2025, in which a department spokesperson said that under the new policy, “criminals will no longer be able to hide in America’s schools and churches to avoid arrest.”
“For the plaintiffs, who welcome immigrant worshipers and have locations in or near immigrant communities, DHS’s statement emphasizing the rationale for this policy change shows that the threat of immigration enforcement at their houses of worship is real and substantial,” she wrote. “The evidence showed that this increased threat of immigration enforcement at the plaintiffs’ houses of worship has resulted in substantial pressure on the plaintiffs to violate numerous beliefs.”
The plaintiffs cheered the decision and vowed to continue working to protect religious freedom.
“This decision reaffirms a fundamental promise of religious liberty: every person should be able to gather, worship, pray, and serve their community without fear that immigration enforcement will unlawfully disrupt sacred spaces,” the coalition said in a statement.
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