2026-08-06T21:46:13.885Z / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
美国总统唐纳德·特朗普再次试图限制所谓的“生育旅游”和出生地公民权，他援引了今年最高法院作出的一项“非常不幸的裁决”，该裁决否决了他此前限制出生地公民权的尝试。
他于周四签署了相关行政令，此举似乎主要是为了收紧现有法律并缩小公认的例外情形范围。
与特朗普去年签署的行政令相比，这一次的尝试看似范围更有限。去年的行政令试图全面终止为非美国公民群体在美所生子女提供公民权的做法。美国最高法院于今年6月否决了这一举措，理由是宪法第十四修正案规定，任何在美国领土上出生的人都可获得公民身份。
“最高法院在出生地公民权问题上作出了一项非常不幸的裁决，”特朗普周四在椭圆形办公室对记者说道。
负责本届政府移民政策的白宫副幕僚长斯蒂芬·米勒表示，特朗普周三签署的其中一项行政令针对的是“外国敌人”、外国恐怖组织成员以及为外国政府游说和行事的特定群体，这些群体成员在美国所生的子女将无权获得出生地公民权。
第二项行政令聚焦于所谓的“生育旅游”，这一直是移民强硬派关注的焦点。美国法律早已禁止民众以“通过在美国分娩为子女获取美国公民身份为主要目的”申请签证。
米勒将这项行政令描述为对生育旅游的禁令，但目前尚不清楚它将如何推进美国法典中已有的相关规定。
美国Axios新闻网率先报道了此次行政举措。
6月30日的最高法院裁决对美国一个多世纪以来对出生地公民权的认定标准进行了全面维护。法院裁定，即使父母非法入境或临时滞留美国，在美国领土上出生的子女仍为美国公民。
由五名大法官组成的多数派认为，宪法第十四修正案保障了这项权利，而保守派大法官则持反对意见，他们抱怨该裁决未能阻止特朗普最初抨击的那种生育旅游现象。
第六名大法官布雷特·卡瓦诺则认为，特朗普最初限制出生地公民权的行政令是被联邦法律禁止的，而非违反第十四修正案。
“无论过去还是现在，公民权都意味着拥有权利——能够自由参与我们的政治共同体，”保守派首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨在法院判决书中写道，“第十四修正案的制定者将这一承诺延伸给了‘这片土地上每一个自由出生的人’。我们如今仍在践行这一承诺。”
长期以来，最高法院一直对该规则认可一些例外情形，并在今年夏天的这项重磅裁决中再次予以确认。但这些例外仅限于外交官子女以及在“敌对占领”期间出生的“敌方人员”子女。
尽管如此，法院保守派的多名成员在当时就抱怨称，6月30日的裁决将允许特朗普所担忧的那种生育旅游现象存在。
“最高法院已经重新解读了第十四修正案，以保护其自身偏好的一系列权利，而这些权利绝非重建时期的国会所能预见，也无法在修正案的文本中找到依据，”大法官克拉伦斯·托马斯在反对意见中写道，“如今，法院再次如此行事，承认所有外国生育游客和非法移民的子女拥有公民权的宪法权利。”
该反对意见仅有另一名大法官尼尔·戈萨奇联名支持。
“按照法院今日的解释，第十四修正案实际上将公民权赋予了所有碰巧在美国境内出生的人，包括‘生育游客’的子女——也就是那些专程前来美国分娩后迅速回国的女性所生的孩子，”大法官塞缪尔·阿利托在单独发表的反对意见中写道。
Trump again tries to curb birthright citizenship and ‘birth tourism’ through executive action
2026-08-06T21:46:13.885Z / CNN
President Donald Trump is taking another swing at limiting so-called birth tourism and birthright citizenship, citing a “very unfortunate decision” in the Supreme Court this year that struck down his earlier attempt to curb birthright citizenship.
He signed executive orders on the subject Thursday, which appear to largely tighten laws already in place and narrow recognized exceptions.
It’s a seemingly more limited attempt compared to an executive order Trump signed last year that sought to broadly end the right for children born in the country to people who are not US citizens. The Supreme Court rejected that effort in June, citing the 14th Amendment of the Constitution, which grants citizenship to anyone born on American soil.
“We had a very unfortunate decision in the Supreme Court concerning birthright,” Trump told reporters in the Oval Office Thursday.
One of the executive orders signed by Trump Wednesday targets “alien enemies,” members of foreign terrorist organizations and categories of people who lobby and act on behalf of foreign governments — making children born to people in those groups ineligible for birthright citizenship, said White House deputy chief of staff Stephen Miller, the architect of the administration’s immigration policies.
The second executive order focuses on so-called birth tourism, which has been a focal point for immigration hawks. US law already bans people from obtaining a visa “for the primary purpose of obtaining U.S. citizenship for a child by giving birth in the United States.”
Miller described the executive order as a ban on birth tourism, though it’s unclear how it would advance what is already in US code.
Axios first reported on the executive actions.
The Supreme Court’s decision on June 30 included a full-throated defense of birthright citizenship as it has been understood in the United States for more than a century. Children born on American soil, the court ruled, are US citizens even if their parents are in the country illegally or temporarily.
A five-justice majority held that the 14th Amendment to the Constitution guarantees that right, over dissents from conservative justices who complained that the decision did nothing to stop the kind of birth tourism Trump initially targeted.
A sixth justice, Brett Kavanaugh, concluded that Trump’s initial executive order limiting birthright citizenship was barred by federal law rather than the 14th Amendment.
“Citizenship, then and now, was the right to have rights — to freely participate in our political community,” Chief Justice John Roberts, a conservative, wrote for the court. “The Framers of the Fourteenth Amendment extended that promise to ‘every free-born person in this land.’ We keep that promise today.”
The court has long recognized some exceptions to the rule, and it did so again in its blockbuster decision this summer. But those are limited to children born to diplomats and “enemies” during a “hostile occupation.”
Still, several members of the court’s conservative wing complained at the time that the June 30 decision would allow the kind of birth tourism Trump was concerned about.
“The court has repurposed the Fourteenth Amendment to protect its own set of preferred rights that the Reconstruction Congress never contemplated and that cannot find support in its text,” Justice Clarence Thomas wrote in a dissent. “Today, the court does so again by recognizing a constitutional right to citizenship for the children of all foreign birth tourists and illegal aliens.”
That opinion was joined by only one other member of the court: Justice Neil Gorsuch.
“As interpreted by the court today, the Fourteenth Amendment confers citizenship on virtually everyone who happens to be born in this country, including the children of ‘birth tourists,’ women who come here solely for the purpose of giving birth to a child and then promptly return home,” Justice Samuel Alito wrote in a solo dissent.
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