2026年8月6日 下午2:48 UTC / 路透社
作者：戴维·谢泼德森
华盛顿，8月6日（路透社）——四名美国共和党参议员周四提议废除具有里程碑意义的加州汽车碳排放规则，以阻止该州制定比联邦政府更严格的尾气排放要求。
美国环境保护署（EPA）于6月将加州的汽车碳排放规则提交给共和党控制的国会，等待可能的废除，该机构称，根据《清洁空气法》授予加州在民主党往届政府时期批准的环境监管豁免权，本应根据《国会审查法》提交给议员们。加州已在联邦法院提起诉讼，试图阻止这一行动，称根据《国会审查法》将豁免权提交参议院是非法的。
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根据《国会审查法》进行审议的法案只需简单多数票即可废除，而非大多数立法所需的60票。
参议员辛西娅·勒米斯、埃里克·施密特、皮特·里基茨和约恩·赫斯特德表示，这些豁免权让加州空气资源委员会“得以将其监管议程推行至加州境外”。
特朗普政府已采取多管齐下的举措，剥夺加州要求更清洁车辆和更多电动汽车的权力。美国环保署还出台了规则，放宽汽车制造商销售更多汽油动力汽车和卡车的要求，同时提高电动汽车的购买成本。
这些豁免权授予加州为汽车、卡车以及草坪、花园和高压清洗设备制定自身排放标准的权力。这些规则推动企业生产更清洁的电动车型以减少排放。
2022年，在时任总统乔·拜登领导下的美国环保署批准了加州现行的汽车规则，即《先进清洁汽车I》（简称ACC I），该规则目前仍然有效，也是此次 targeted 的豁免权之一。
加州的规则要求汽车制造商销售越来越多的电动汽车，并满足日益严格的尾气排放限制，这些标准远比联邦规则更为严苛。
共和党总统唐纳德·特朗普政府计划放宽联邦燃油经济性规则，而加州则表示，这些规则为消费者带来的燃油节省远远超过电动汽车更高的前期购置成本。
去年，在丰田、通用汽车等汽车制造商游说要求放宽加州碳排放监管后，国会废除了加州在2035年后禁止传统汽油动力汽车的权限。
2025年，国会通过立法，停止对未达到汽车尾气排放标准的行为收取罚款，为汽车制造商节省了数亿美元。
戴维·谢泼德森在华盛顿报道
尼克·齐明斯基和马修·刘易斯编辑
我们的标准：汤森路透信托原则。
Republican US senators propose to repeal California emissions rules
August 6, 2026 2:48 PM UTC / Reuters
By David Shepardson
Cars drive along the 110 Freeway in Los Angeles, California, U.S., May 22, 2025. REUTERS/Daniel Cole
WASHINGTON, Aug 6 (Reuters) – Four Republican U.S. senators on Thursday proposed repealing landmark California vehicle emissions rules in a bid to prevent the state from imposing stricter tailpipe requirements than the federal government.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in June sent the Republican-controlled Congress state vehicle emissions rules for potential repeal, saying the waivers granted under the Clean Air Act for California environmental regulations approved under prior Democratic administrations should have been sent to lawmakers under the Congressional Review Act. California sued to block the action in federal court, saying it was illegal to send the waivers to the Senate under the Congressional Review Act.
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Consideration under the CRA allows repeal by a simple majority vote rather than the 60 votes needed for most legislation.
Senators Cynthia Lummis, Eric Schmitt, Pete Ricketts and Jon Husted said the waivers allowed the California Air Resources Board “to impose its regulatory agenda far beyond California’s borders.”
The Trump administration has mounted a multi-pronged effort to deny California the ability to require cleaner vehicles and more electric vehicles. The EPA has also enacted rules making it easier for automakers to sell more gasoline-powered cars and trucks, while making it more expensive to buy EVs.
The waivers granted California authority to enact its own emission standards for cars and trucks as well as lawn, garden and power-washing equipment. The rules have prodded companies to produce cleaner electric models to reduce emissions.
California won approval in 2022 under then-President Joe Biden’s EPA for the state’s current vehicle rules known as Advanced Clean Cars I or ACC I, which remain in effect and are one of the waivers targeted.
California’s rules require automakers to sell a rising number of electric vehicles and meet increasingly stringent limits on tailpipe emissions that are far tougher than federal rules.
The administration of Republican President Donald Trump plans to roll back federal fuel-economy rules, while California says fuel savings for consumers from the rules far exceed higher upfront costs of EVs.
Last year, Congress rescinded authority for California to outlaw traditional gasoline-powered vehicles after 2035 after Toyota, General Motors and other automakers lobbied for relief from California’s emissions regulations.
Congress passed legislation in 2025 to stop collecting penalties for not meeting vehicle tailpipe standards, saving automakers hundreds of millions of dollars.
Reporting by David Shepardson in Washington Editing by Nick Zieminski and Matthew Lewis
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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