2026年8月3日 / 美国东部时间下午5:55 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
周一，由25个州组成的联盟对特朗普政府提起诉讼，指控其上月实施新一轮大规模关税时超出了法定权限。
此次进口关税依据1974年《贸易法》第301条款制定，针对60个经济体，税率从10%到12.5%不等。
加州总检察长罗布·邦塔在宣布诉讼的声明中表示：“这是特朗普总统第三次非法征收关税，这将让美国家庭和小企业的生活成本上升，而这也是我们第三次就政府滥用权力一事将其告上法庭。”
第301条款授权美国总统对被认定存在不公平贸易行为的国家征收关税及其他制裁措施。特朗普政府在宣布新增关税时表示，美国贸易伙伴在打击强迫劳动生产的进口商品方面力度不足。
白宫发言人周一为总统的关税政策进行了辩护。
白宫发言人库什·德赛在给哥伦比亚广播公司新闻的声明中称：“美国正在行使合法权限，以消除那些给美国商业带来负担的不合理行为、政策和做法。外国未能实施并有效执行对强迫劳动生产商品进口的禁令，这种做法不合理且给包括美国工人在内的美国商业带来了负担，必须得到解决。自总统第一任期以来，第301条款关税已被证明是一项合法且持久的工具，如今依然如此。”
“关税就是税收”
各州在联邦国际贸易法院提起的诉讼指控称，此次关税并非旨在解决强迫劳动问题，而是白宫为取代最高法院今年2月裁定无效的关税而采取的举措。各州还认为，美国贸易代表办公室为上调关税所开展的调查过于仓促，且大幅提高税率的范围过于宽泛。
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“关税就是税收，美国民众无法也不应承担总统失败且非法的经济政策带来的额外成本——无论总统多么希望民众承担这笔费用，”邦塔说道。
除加州外，加入此次诉讼的还有亚利桑那州、科罗拉多州、康涅狄格州、特拉华州、夏威夷州、伊利诺伊州、肯塔基州、马萨诸塞州、马里兰州、缅因州、密歇根州、明尼苏达州、内华达州、新泽西州、新墨西哥州、纽约州、北卡罗来纳州、俄勒冈州、宾夕法尼亚州、罗得岛州、弗吉尼亚州、佛蒙特州、华盛顿州和威斯康星州。
尽管美国关税税率今年有所下降，但关税仍是白宫贸易政策的重要组成部分。特朗普曾表示，关税对于重振美国制造业、减少国家贸易逆差和增加联邦收入至关重要。
据惠誉评级的数据，在特朗普政府将临时的第122条款关税替换为针对60个经济体进口商品的第301条款关税后，美国实际关税税率已从今年的9.4%降至7.4%。
阿兰·谢特编辑
本文由美联社协助报道。
25 states sue Trump administration over latest round of tariffs
August 3, 2026 / 5:55 PM EDT / CBS News
A coalition of 25 states on Monday filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration, alleging that it exceeded its authority in imposing a new round of sweeping tariffs last month.
The import duties, enacted under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, target 60 economies with rates ranging from 10% to 12.5%.
“This is President Trump’s third attempt to illegally impose tariffs that would make life more expensive for American families and small businesses, and this is the third time we’re taking the administration to court over this misuse of power,” California Attorney General Rob Bonta said in a statement announcing the lawsuit.
Section 301 authorizes a U.S. president to impose tariffs and other sanctions on countries found to engage in unfair trade practices. U.S. trading partners haven’t done enough to crack down on imports produced with forced labor, the Trump administration said in announcing the new levies.
A White House spokesman on Monday defended the president’s tariff policies.
“The United States is using its lawful authority to obtain the elimination of unreasonable acts, policies and practices that burden U.S. commerce,” White House spokesman Kush Desai said in a statement to CBS News. “A foreign country’s failure to impose and effectively enforce a prohibition on the importation of goods produced with forced labor is unreasonable and burdens U.S. commerce, including American workers, and must be addressed. Section 301 tariffs have proven to be a legally durable tool since the president’s first term, and they remain so now.”
“Tariffs are taxes”
The states’ lawsuit, filed in the U.S. Court of International Trade, alleges that the tariffs are not designed to address forced labor, but rather are an effort by the White House to replace levies that the Supreme Court struck down in February. The states also argue that an investigation led by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative to set the stepped-up tariffs was rushed and overly broad in hiking the levies.
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“Tariffs are taxes, and the American people cannot and should not shoulder the extra costs that come from the president’s failed and illegal economic policy — no matter how much the President wants them to,” Bonta said.
Joining California in the suit were Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Vermont, Washington and Wisconsin.
Although U.S. tariff rates have fallen this year, the levies remain an important part of the White House’s trade policies. Mr. Trump has said tariffs are necessary to revive U.S. manufacturing, reduce the nation’s trade deficit and generate federal revenue.
The U.S. effective tariff rate has fallen this year to 7.4%, from 9.4%, after the Trump administration replaced temporary Section 122 duties with Section 301 tariffs on imports from 60 economies, according to Fitch Ratings.
Edited by Alain Sherter
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
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